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The spatial distribution of Al, Fe, Cu, Cd and Pb in the surface sediment of Brunei Bay, Borneo during the Southwest and Northeast Monsoons
Adiana Ghazali1, Noor Azhar Mohamed Shazili2, Bidai, Joseph3, Hasrizal Shaari4.
A geochemical assessment of Al, Fe, Cu, Cd and Pb was carried out for the
surface sediment of Brunei Bay. Samples were collected during July 2013 and January
2014 representing the Southwest and Northeast Monsoon respectively. Fe, Pb, Al and Cu
were high in July 2013 samples whereas Cd had a similar range of concentration during
both sampling periods. Cd showed no particular spatial distribution pattern whereas Fe
and Pb were highly distributed at the transect stations compared to the coastal stations
due to the river flushed out. In contrast, Al and Cu were uniformly distributed between all
stations. The Al, Fe and Pb in Brunei Bay sediment were dominantly bound to the mineral
fraction which is also an indicator of natural sources whereas Cu was more dominant in
the ion exchangeable fraction which is the most bioavailable fraction. The risk assessment
code (RAC) indicated that Al has no risk (RAC<1%) whereas Fe and Pb showed a low risk
(RAC<10%) to the benthic organisms. However, Cu presented a very high risk (RAC>50%)
in both sampling periods. Even though the RAC showed some risk of these metals on
the ecosystem, the geoaccumulation index indicated no serious pollution by these metals.
Additionally, the surface sediment of Brunei Bay was dominated by silt and very fine sand.
The apparent changes in metals distribution and metals fractionation during January 2014
corresponded to the effects of monsoons. Port activities, aquaculture, fisheries, palm oil
and paper mill industries are the potential sources of metals in the Brunei Bay ecosystem.
Affiliation:
- Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
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Indexation |
Indexed by |
MyJurnal (2021) |
H-Index
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4 |
Immediacy Index
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0.000 |
Rank |
0 |
Indexed by |
Scopus 2020 |
Impact Factor
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CiteScore (0.9) |
Rank |
Q3 (Geography, Planning and Development) Q4 (Pollution) Q4 (Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law) |
Additional Information |
SJR (0.175) |
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