The study analyzed the status of post-cyclone livelihood capitals (human, natural, financial, physical and social) and the underlining causes behind the conditions. A south-central coastal unit (Angaria union, Dumki Upzilla of Patuakhali district) of Bangladesh was selected for its vulnerability to cyclone Sidr. Extensive questionnaire surveys at the household level was conducted of 150 households through random sampling method. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Access to natural, human, financial, physical and social capital were calculated using standard equations and it was found that 72%, 52%, 59.8%, 53% and 43.42%, respectively, were in habitual condition (normal level). The aftershock of cyclone Sidr, the access to natural capital decreased to 55% of the average level; the human capital was 10% less compared to the consistent state and proportion was 22.7% for financial capital, 19% for physical capital and 24.78% for social capital. Causes behind such immense decrease may be the lack of proper institutional and administrative settings, poor livelihood strategies (adaptive and coping), hand-to-mouth income status, consequently poor living standards, lack of financial capital and sole dependency of resources in an unsustainable manner. This study advocated to promote coordinated disaster risk reduction programs for mitigating cyclone impacts and providing assistance for rebuilding post-cyclone livelihoods.