Against the background of growing poverty in the rural areas of Thailand, this paper examines the level of vulnerability to poverty among rural households with particular focus on Pattani province in Thailand. Through multi stage sampling procedure, and by dividing the population proportionately into five regions of Pattani province, namely northern, southern, eastern, western and central, a sample size of 600 households were drawn for the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect primary data for the study. Data collected were analysed through descriptive statistics and Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) approach. The analysis of the results reveals that the southern region has the highest vulnerable population when compared to other regions in Pattani province. Also among the general populace, approximately 84 percent of rural households in Pattani province are found to be vulnerable to poverty. Further analysis shows the influence of educational attainment of household head, the size of the household and the level of savings all have positive effect on the household consumption even though house condition has a negative effect on the household consumption.