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Suspicious loitering detection from annotated CCTV feed using CEP based approach
Rabiah Adawiyah Shahad1, Mohd Faisal Ibrahim2, Lim, Ezra Kai Xian3, Aini Hussain4, Mohamad Hanif Md Saad5.
Smart Surveillance System is a critical system that enables automated detection of anomalous activities from live CCTV feed.
The main challenge that needs to be addressed by the Smart Surveillance System is the ability to understand and detect the
activities that are currently occurring within the CCTV feed. Suspicious loitering is considered one of the anomalous activities
that precede unwanted events, such as break-ins, burglary, and robbery. In this research, the Complex Event Processing
(CEP) approach was selected as the system development approach for developing a Smart Surveillance System. Four types
of similarity search-based event detectors, namely the Multi-Layered Event Detector for General Application (MEGA),
Temporally Constrained Template Match Detector (TCD), Sliding Window Detector (SWD), and Weighted Sliding Window
Detector (WSWD) were tested and evaluated to determine the best suspicious loitering event detector to be used in the Smart
Surveillance System. The input data to the detectors comprised manually annotated real CCTV feed which was subjected to
three noise conditions: (i) no-noise (0% noise) annotation, (ii) 25% noisy annotation and (iii) 46.8% noisy annotation. The
46.8% noisy annotation is assumed to reflect the real ambient operating condition of the Smart Surveillance System; while
the no-noise condition was assumed to reflect the perfect CCTV feed acquisition and annotation process. The performance
of the detectors was measured in terms of sensitivity, specificity, detection accuracy, and the area under the Receiver’s
Operating Curve (ROC). The results obtained showed that MEGA is the best overall detector for suspicious loitering detection
in ambient operating conditions with detection accuracy of 97.20% and area under ROC curve of 0.6117.
Affiliation:
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
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