Diphtheria was caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria. The number of diphtheria cases in Indonesia in 2017 was 954 with the number of deaths of 44 cases in 140 districts / cities in Indonesia. Diphtheria cases are influ- enced by several factors such as incomplete immunization status, and physical environmental factors. This study is a literature review category, by collecting scientific references related to the environmental factors that are associated with diphtheria events. The results of the review showed that the environmental factors observed in the occurrence of diphtheria includes temperature, humidity, lighting, occupancy density, home floor, ventilation and wall type. The factors that could provide a connection with diphtheria are unqualified standard of moisture, lighting, too many inhabitants which do not qualifies the house and types of floors (ceramic / plaster).