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Effects of xanthorrhizol on 3T3-L1 adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy
Seok Fang Oon1, Meenakshii Nallappan2, Mohd Shazrul Fazry Sa’ariwijaya3, Nur Kartinee Kassim4, Shamarina Shohaimi5, Thiam Tsui Tee6, Yew Hoong Cheah7.
Introduction: According to the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015, 47.7% of the Malaysian population are either obese or overweight. The increased obesity prevalence has caused major health problems including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Although several anti-obesity drugs have been developed, they are limited due to adverse side effects. Previous studies demonstrated that xanthorrhizol (XNT) reduced the levels of serum free fatty
acid and triglyceride in vivo, but the detailed anti-obesity activities and its related mechanisms are yet to be reported. Thus, this study aims to evaluate its abilities to inhibit adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy employing 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods: Statistical significance was established by one-way ANOVA, where p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, the IC50 value of XNT (98.3% purity) from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.
in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was 35 ± 0.24 μg/mL. The loss of cell viability was due to 20.01 ± 2.77% of early apoptosis and 24.13 ± 2.03% of late apoptosis. XNT elicited apoptosis via up-regulation of caspase-3 and cleaved PARP-1 protein expression for 4.09-fold and 3.12-fold, respectively. Moreover, XNT decreased adipocyte differentiation for 36.13 ± 3.64% and reduced GPDH activity to 52.26 ± 4.36%. The underlying mechanism was due to impaired expression of
PPARγ to 0.36-fold and FAS to 0.38-fold, respectively. On the other hand, XNT increased glycerol release by 45.37 ± 6.08% compared to control. During lipolysis, XNT up-regulated the leptin protein for 2.08-fold but down-regulated the protein level of insulin to 0.36-fold. These results indicated that XNT reduced the volume of adipocytes through modulation of leptin and insulin. Conclusion: To conclude, XNT exerted its anti-obesity mechanisms by suppression
of adipocyte hyperplasia through induction of apoptosis and inhibition of adipogenesis whilst reduction of adipocyte hypertrophy through stimulation of lipolysis. Thus, XNT could be developed as a potential anti-obesity agent in the future.
Affiliation:
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
- ZACH Biotech Depot, Malaysia
- ZACH Biotech Depot, Malaysia
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Indexation |
Indexed by |
MyJurnal (2021) |
H-Index
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3 |
Immediacy Index
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0.000 |
Rank |
0 |
Indexed by |
Scopus 2020 |
Impact Factor
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CiteScore (0.2) |
Rank |
Q4 (Medicine (all)) |
Additional Information |
SJR (0.144) |
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