Protection of children beyond control in the ir 4.0 era: the role of international conventions
Syed Nong, S. N. A1, Mustaffa, A2, Ismail, N3, Salleh, K4, Yusof, M. N5, Awang, M.B6.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) has undeniably affected
the way of life of people, including children. The rapid development
of the Internet and digital technology coupled with unlimited, easy,
and fast access make children highly susceptible to harm arising
from the use of social media, films, or games. This situation may
expose children who are beyond control to immense threats due to
poor relationships with their parents and family members. Beyond
control children may be found anywhere. They are the children who
frequently disobey their parents’ orders and are notorious as “status
offenders” at the international level. Despite the non-criminal
nature of their misbehaviour, children who are beyond control
are often treated like criminals through court proceedings and
detention orders. Meanwhile, numerous international conventions
and guidelines have been signed including the United Nations
Convention on the Rights of the Child to protect the welfare of all
children. However, to what extent do these conventions protect the children who are beyond control? What are the principles
applicable to these children, and how are they protected? Thus, this
study was conducted to analyse the extent of protection provided by
international conventions for the rights of children who are beyond
control and to suggest suitable programmes for the implementation
of the international principles in the IR 4.0 era. This qualitative
study employed the library research method for data collection. It
analysed numerous documents including international conventions,
statutes, books, journals, conference proceedings, and reports. This
study found that the international conventions provide protection
to the children who are beyond control through several principles
including the best interest of the child, family and government
responsibilities, institutional placement, prevention of delinquency,
and diversion. These principles may be applied through diversionary
programmes including counselling, family group conference, family
and school programme, and mentoring programme.
Affiliation:
- Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia
- Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia
- Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia
- Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia
- Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia
- Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia
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