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Smoking is associated with IgA-EBV titer among healthy male in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Benny Hermawan1, Dewi Kartikawati Paramita2, Theodola Baning Rahayujati3, Dwi Hartati4, Jajah Fachiroh5.
Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare worldwide. However, South East Asia, including Indonesia, is a “hotspot” for NPC. In the endemic area, the implication of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the pathogenesis of NPC is well-known; while the smoking habit is one of the confirmed risks of NPC worldwide. Elevated titer of immuno- globulin A to EBV (IgA-EBV) among healthy people is one of risks for NPC, and further proposed for screening of the cancer, while the association of the smoking habit and IgA-EBV among healthy people is still inconclusive. This study was aimed at assessing the association of smoking and IgA-EBV titer among healthy individuals in Yogyakarta. Meth- ods: A cross-sectional study in 2013 recruited 241 and 38 healthy male and female donors, respectively, at a local Red Cross unit. Demographic and smoking intensity information were obtained through self-completion question- naires. Parallel peripheral blood samples collected at the study entry were tested for IgA-[EBNA1+VCA-p18]-ELISA. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between smoking and IgA-EBV titer, and adjusted properly. Results: Forty-five of the 279 subjects (16.13%) had IgA-EBV titer above the cut-off value (0.41). Analysis on smoking habits was done in males, as none of females were smokers. Of male subjects with 115 smokers vs. 126 non-smok- ers, an association between the smoking habit and IgA-EBV positivity (OR = 2.350; 95%CI = 1.086–5.085). Further analysis did not find association between cumulative number of cigarettes consumed and IgA-EBV titer. Conclusion: This study showed that tobacco smoking is associated with IgA-EBV titer.
Affiliation:
- Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
- Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
- Kulonprogo District Health Office, Indonesia
- Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
- Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
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Indexation |
Indexed by |
MyJurnal (2021) |
H-Index
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3 |
Immediacy Index
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0.000 |
Rank |
0 |
Indexed by |
Scopus 2020 |
Impact Factor
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CiteScore (0.2) |
Rank |
Q4 (Medicine (all)) |
Additional Information |
SJR (0.144) |
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