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Pretreatment and bioprocess trials in various reactor system on lignocellulosic biomass for cellulosic biomaterials
Amizon,Azizan,1, Nur,Amira,Aida,Jusri ,2, Intan,Suhada,Azmi,3, Rosmaria,Abu,Darim,4, Mohd,Faizal,Abd,Rahman,5, Jailani,Salihon,6.
ABSTRACT
Pretreatment on lignocellulosic biomass prior to extraction of biomaterials,
degradation of bioproduct, or production of biomaterial/bioproduct/biofuel,
crucially influences the intended outcomes. The pretreatment of oil palm
fronds (OPF), one of the most abundant agriculture residues in Malaysia,
can be conducted based on the need of the methodology, either for small,
lab, pilot, or industrial scales. In this article, examples of reactors for the
pretreatment for instance microreactor (Bioshake iQ), conical shake flask,
and mini-cylindrical reactor scale (fabricated) as well as the monitoring
bioreactor (BlueSens Monitoring GmbH) reactor system dedicated for
fermentation process using the outcome material from pretreatment process,
are presented. All pretreatment trials with ionic liquid (IL) of 1-ethyl-3-
methylimidazolium acetate [EMIM]Ac on OPF were conducted with a
scaling-up strategy from micro-to-macro to fabricated reactors, monitoring
Crystallinity Index (CrI) and Lateral Order Index (LOI). Electron beam
irradiation pretreatment using 1000kGy was also tested in macroscale
mode for CrI and LOI. Effectiveness of approximately 23 to 37% of CrI
via microreactor experiments using 50, 70, and 90% v/v of [EMIM]Ac and
at a temperature of 99oC was observed. Higher concentration of IL and
temperature with nearly insignificance of solid loading of OPF in reaction
liquid to the increase of the amorphous level of OPF was reported by
macroscale mode in the 570-mL fabricated reactor. A short oxygen uptake
rate (OUR) phase was observed in a 500-mL BlueSens shake flask with the
real-time monitoring systems for 45-mL working volume, a nearly 10% of
the total reactor volume for saccharification-fermentation using Escherichia
coli K011 ATCC 55124 on approximately 2.22% w/v pretreated OPF from
macroscale mode. Various data examples from these micro-to-macro scales
including in a fabricated reactor system mode are crucially needed for
further observations prior to pilot or industrial scales, needing a systematic
data collection to be simulated and investigated in the future.
Affiliation:
- Universiti Teknologi MARA,Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi MARA,Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Johor, Pasir Gudang , Malaysia
- Institute Gelang Patah, Johor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi MARA,Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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