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Single-phase CZTS thin film prepared by high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS): A first attempt
Siti Noryasmin Jaffar1, Nafarizal Nayan2, Zulkifli Azman3, Amaliyana Raship4, Mohd Khairul Ahmad5, Soon Ching Fhong6, Saidur Rahman7, Mohd Yazid Ahmad8, Koichi Sasaki9.
Copper-zinc-tin-sulfide: Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a non-toxic and abundant materials that could
possibly replace the toxic and rare copper-indium-gallium-selenium (CIGS) materials for the
absorber of thin film photovoltaic. However, to-date, the CZTS thin film fabrication process
is not yet ready for commercialization due to its complexity of quaternary elements. Here,
CZTS thin films were deposited for the first time using high power impulse magnetron
sputtering (HiPIMS) technique. Although the fabrication of thin film solar cell using
conventional DC and RF sputtering is very common, to date, there is no report on the
fabrication CZTS thin film using HiPIMS technique. The aim of using HiPIMS system is to
resolve the problem on stoichiometry control in single step magnetron deposition, i.e., less
composition of zinc and sulphur. The prepared thin films were then characterized using Xray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The thickness of each film was
measured using a step profiler and verified with a cross-sectional image obtained by FESEM. The XRD pattern showed significant different between film prepared by HiPIMS and
conventional RF sputtering on single CZTS (112) peaks. The CZTS crystallite size was in the
range of 14-28 nm, rely on the discharge power and deposition time. In average, the root
mean square roughness was lower than 2 nm, which is useful for solar cell application. The
chemical composition analyzed by EDX showed that the atomic ratio of sulfur/metal < 1,
indicating that the thin film prepared by HiPIMS deviated from CZTS stoichiometric.
Affiliation:
- University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,, Malaysia
- University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,, Malaysia
- University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,, Malaysia
- University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,, Malaysia
- University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,, Malaysia
- University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,, Malaysia
- Sunway University, Malaysia
- Nanorian Technologies Sdn Bhd, 40 Jln Kajang Perdana 3/2, Taman Kajang Perdana, Selangor, Malaysia
- Hokaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Indexation |
Indexed by |
MyJurnal (2021) |
H-Index
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2 |
Immediacy Index
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0.000 |
Rank |
0 |
Indexed by |
Scopus 2020 |
Impact Factor
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CiteScore (1.3) |
Rank |
Q3 (Electrical and Electronic Engineering)) Q4 (Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials) |
Additional Information |
SJR (0.298) |
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