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Accumulation and health risk of heavy metals in cabbage due to long-term mineral fertilization from vegetable production systems in Kundasang, Sabah
Shantakumari Rajan1, Khazrul Elzey Wakimin2, Nadiatul Syima Mohd Shahid3, Alia Azmi4.
Introduction: Fertilizers are widely applied in Malaysian agricultural areas to boost the growth of crops for better production. However, the repeated application of inorganic fertilizers has been shown to increase the metal concen- tration in soils due to impurities and background contamination. Methods: The concentrations of selected metals in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and soil sampled from the Monteki agricultural area of Sabah were inves- tigated using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: Concentrations of metals measured were in the order of zinc > copper > lead > cadmium, whereby none of the cabbage samples exceeded the concentration standards enumerated in the Malaysian Standards. Cabbage and soil samples from newer farms were characterised by signifi- cantly lower (P<0.05) concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc compared to older farms. A health risk analysis yielded target hazard quotient values <1 for individual metals in cabbage. The Hazard Index measuring the metal accumulation of risk through ingestion of cabbage was 0.081 and 0.763 for new and old farms, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is no potential risk due to metal toxicity by ingestion of cabbage from this location.
Affiliation:
- Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Indexation |
Indexed by |
MyJurnal (2021) |
H-Index
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3 |
Immediacy Index
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0.000 |
Rank |
0 |
Indexed by |
Scopus 2020 |
Impact Factor
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CiteScore (0.2) |
Rank |
Q4 (Medicine (all)) |
Additional Information |
SJR (0.144) |
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