Introduction: Physical self-concept has an essential role in a healthy and active lifestyle, where the environment is a factor that affects both. The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in physical self-concept (PSC) between adolescents living in rural and urban areas and based on gender. Methods: These cross-sectional study observations involved 101 (51 male and 50 female) high school students in West Java, Indonesia. Participants filled out the Phys- ical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) questionnaire consisting of 40 question items. Results: Univariate anal- ysis showed no significant difference between adolescent PSC levels in rural and urban areas (p> .05). High school adolescent males had a higher level of PSC than females (p < .05). There was a significant interaction effect between residence and gender (p <.05). Urban adolescent males have a higher level PSC than rural, while different conditions occur in women’s groups where they live in rural areas more than urban areas (p <.05). Conclusion: Living area does not directly affect the PSC level of adolescent high school students. Gender is the crucial moderator of influencing PSC level among adolescents. Based on these conclusions, the right strategy in PSC intervention to increase adoles- cent physical activity is to pay more attention to gender factors.