Most pediatric medicines come in syrup. Medicines that are often used for children such as analgesic, antibiotics, antipyretics, and antihistamines medicines are known to have a low pH, high acidity, a minimal amount of minerals. These properties are associated with dental erosion. Objectives: To find out if the pediatric medicine of syrup can cause dental erosion in deciduous teeth. The literature search strategy was conducted using the keywords pediatric liquid, teeth erosion, and enamel structure. The databases used for the literature search were PubMed and Research Gate, which were published between January 2010 and November 2020. Apart from containing the main active ingredients, syrup also has other compositions such as flavorings, sweeteners, buffer/acids, preservatives, and also coloring agents. Acids act as a buffering agent, which is responsible for increasing their solubility, maintaining chem- ical stability, controlling tonicity, and ensuring physiological compatibility. Besides, 58.3% of the medicines studied contained sucrose as a sweetener, which is one of the most common causes of dental erosion. The combination of different medicine compositions causes differences in pH, where pH is the dominant factor that gives an erosive effect. A pH of 5.03 indicates significant surface roughness in teeth. The results of the literature review show that the pediatric medicine of syrup affects dental erosion in deciduous teeth.