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Mass Mortalities of Golden Pomfret (Trichinotus blochii) at Floating Cages Pulau Aman, Penang Associated with Oxygen Crisis, Multiple Infections of Parasites and Vibriosis
Padilah Bakar1, Rimatulhana Ramly2, Fahmi Sudirwan3, Kua Beng Chu4.
Mass mortalities (80%–100%) of golden pomfret aged between one to five months old have been reported by fish farmers at floating cages off the coast of Seberang Perai, Pulau Aman, Penang. Hence, the objective of this study is to determine the cause of fish mortalities. On-site investigation with sampling of fish (n=13) and waters were taken for laboratory analysis. Parasite was examined from skin and gills. Aseptic method for bacterial inoculation and isolation on tryptose soy agar (TSA+1.5% NaCl) were performed from the internal organs of kidney, spleen, liver and brain. Pooled organ tissues of each sample was fixed in 95% alcohol for detection of viruses
causing Viral Nervous Necrosis and Red Sea Bream Iridoviral diseases using polymerase chain
reaction. Genomic analysis using Next Generation Sequencing of bacterial and capsalid species were performed on NovaSEQ6000 Illumina. In-situ analysis of water parameters showed low dissolved oxygen (3.0–3.5 mg/L) while other parameters were within normal range for aquaculture. High prevalence of Neobenedenia melleni (92%) and marine leech Zeylanicobdella arugamensis (31%) were found in golden pomfret with mean density of 5 and 2, respectively. Vibrio harveyi were isolated with six virulent factors of Type â…¢ Secretion System (T3SS) found as a single or mixed isolates with V. vulnificus. High mortalities of golden pomfrets occuring on the site were caused by low dissolved oxygen and multiple infection from parasitic infestations of N. melleni, Z. arugamensis and bacterial infection.
Affiliation:
- National Fish Health Research Division, NaFisH, Penang, Malaysia
- National Fish Health Research Division, NaFisH, Penang, Malaysia
- National Fish Health Research Division, NaFisH, Penang, Malaysia
- National Fish Health Research Division, NaFisH, Penang, Malaysia
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