This review article focuses on the identification and characterisation of the allergens present in Anisakis spp., parasitic worms found in coastal fish that can cause anisakiasis in humans who consume raw or contaminated seafood. The study aims to fill a gap in the research by profiling and analysing the allergens present in Anisakis simplex s.s., Anisakis pegreffii and the hybrid haplotype. To conduct the analysis of Anisakis spp. and its various allergens, a comprehensive bibliographical search was conducted using online sources such as Google Scholar, PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, Springer Link and Wiley Online Library. These sources provided diverse articles, research papers and other relevant literature on the subject. The findings of this analysis were based on an extensive review of the sources and provided insights into the allergenicity of Anisakis spp. and the various allergens that it contains. According to the study, the most important allergens are Anis 1, Anis 7, and Anis 12. In contrast, Anis 4, Anis 5, Anis 6, Anis 8, Anis 9, Anis 10, and Anis 11 are minor allergens present in the somatic and excretory/secretory (ES) components of third-stage Anisakis larvae. Anis 1 and Anis 4 are the main causes of anaphylaxis associated with anisakiasis because they both need heat to cause allergic reactions. Anis 1 (24 kDa), Anis 5 (15 kDa), Anis 7 (139 kDa), and Anis 9 (14 kDa) are frequently targeted by antibodies in people with anisakiasis. Some of these allergens, including Anis 1, Anis 5, and Anis 9, are heat-stable, which is a concern because they can linger even after cooking contaminated seafood. These allergies include Anis 4, Anis 8, Anis 11, and Anis 10, as well as Anis 1, Anis 5, and Anis 9. Immunoassays frequently employ the pan allergens Anis 2 (paramyosin) and Anis 3 (tropomyosin), although these assays have a low sensitivity, which limits their diagnostic relevance. The most prominent excretory/secretory (ES) allergen nowadays is Anis 7, the only one that all patients with A. simplex infection recognise. The characterisation and profiling of Anisakis spp. allergens have yet to be fully explored in the literature, making this review a unique contribution to the field of allergy research.