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Effectiveness of Piper betle and Cymbopogon citratus, against Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Pathogen Caused Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) on Whiteleg Shrimp, Penaeus vannamei
Kua, Beng Chu1, Iftikhar Ahmad2, Nik Haiha Nik Yusoff3, Fadzilah Yusof4, Irence John5.
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) is a bacterial disease caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and has caused mortality from 40 to 100% of farmed marine shrimp. This
study focused on shrimp, Penaeus vannamei survival fed with herbal diets before challenged with
AHPND-causing bacteria V. parahaemolyticus. Screening antibacterial effects of betel leaves (Piper betle) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) against pathogen V. parahaemolyticus showed betel leaf having moderate positive antimicrobial activity while lemongrass presented weaker antimicrobial activity. Three groups of specific pathogen free shrimps, namely group A (normal pellet), B (normal pellet mixed with betel leaves) and group C (normal pellet mixed with lemongrass) were fed for 14 days prior to challenge test with V. parahaemolyticus suspension of bacterial density 1 x 108cells/ml. Results showed a higher survival rate, 87.5% in shrimp receiving betel leaves extract compared to 37.5% in group received lemongrass. A negative and positive control group had survival rates of 100% and 50%, respectively. After 24 hours of observation, all groups except the negative control had positive AHPND lesions and bacterial V. parahaemolyticus. This study shows that betel leaf extract has good potential in the treatment of bacterial diseases in shrimp and that feeding shrimp with betel leaves extract has promising results for minimizing the occurrence of AHPND. Further research is needed to examine the effects of betel leaves extract at the farm level.
Affiliation:
- National Fish Health Research Center (NaFisH) Penang, Malaysia
- Fisheries Reseach Institue Glami Lemi, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Fisheries Reseach Institue Tg Demong, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Fisheries Reseach Institute Gelang Patah, Johor, Malaysia
- Fisheries Reseach Institute Gelang Patah, Johor, Malaysia
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