Political Internet Memes in Indonesia: Insulting the President in the 2019 Presidential Election
Adi Bayu Mahadian1, Rohani Hashim2.
Hate speech has challenged Indonesian democracy. Mockery and insulting the president have become a common form of political expression during the 2019 Indonesian presidential election. This article analyses the discourse of the internet meme 'Jokowi planga-plongo' that mocked and insulted the president in the 2019 Indonesian presidential election. The insults and mockery of the president were massive. It urged the government to regulate insults to the president and vice president in the new draft of the Criminal Code. We collected 'Jokowi planga-plongo' memes during the 2019 presidential election campaign. We analyse qualitatively with the social semiotics analysis from the viewpoint of the internet meme theory and bisociation theory. We found that Indonesians use abusive and non-abusive memes to insult the president. We found that both abusive and non-abusive texts had been used in the insult. The insults came from a framework free of harsh or abusive language. These new languages were transmitted through memes that used insulting comparison, matching, modification, and freezing motion in a context where insults were intended. The non-abusive insulting memes created without harsh and abusive words could sneak in without being caught under the EIT law. The illogical, exaggerated, and incoherent content articulation mechanisms were the memetic trait that hid the abusive content. The discourse was developed by relating it to another discourse in unrelated discourses. These illogical sequences were tied together into a logical context by the creativity of the meme creator. We also found that the non-abusive memes were more than the abusive ones to avoid violation of the law. These findings can become an alternative perspective regarding contemporary Indonesian democracy that has declined.
Affiliation:
- Telkom University, Indonesia
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, , Malaysia
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